Hepatotoxicity due to excessive acetaminophen exposure and idiosyncratic drug reactions are now the most common causes of acute liver failure in the United States, surpassing liver failure from viral hepatitis [1-2]. A lack of awareness for how frequently acetaminophen is found in medications may contribute to overexposure.
# Use National Library of Medicine’s RXNorm API to
# find medications containing a given ingredient
import requests, json, urllib
def name_resolve_json (name):
# Give a possibly ambiguous name, returns a list of possible matches ranked
# by a likelihood score
s = ‘http://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/REST/approximateTerm?term=xx&maxEntries=3’.replace(‘xx’, urllib.quote(name))
r = requests.get(s, headers={‘Accept’: ‘application/json’, ‘charset’: ‘UTF-8’})
return r.json()
def first_ranked_cui (approximates):
# Just return the identifier for the best match by score
return extract_from_json(approximates, "candidate", l=[])[0][0][‘rxcui’]
def contains (cui_l):
# Give a list of ingredient identifiers, return drugs which contain
# those ingredients
sl = ‘+’.join(cui_l)
s = ‘http://rxnav.nlm.nih.gov/REST/brands?ingredientids=xx’.replace(‘xx’, sl)
r = requests.get(s, headers={‘Accept’: ‘application/json’, ‘application/json’ ‘charset’: ‘UTF-8’})
return r.json()
def extract_from_json (data, key, l=[]):
# Extract a list of value(s) from a key in
# a (potentially deeply) nested json object
if isinstance(data, list):
for item in data:
extract_from_json(item, key, l)
elif isinstance(data, dict):
for k, v in data.iteritems():
if (k == key):
l.append(v)
extract_from_json(v, key, l)
return l
cv = contains([first_ranked_cui(name_resolve_json(‘acetaminophen’))])
cl = extract_from_json(cv, "name", l=[])
print "{0} medications contain acetaminophen:".format(len(cl))
print "\n".join(cl)
406 medications contain acetaminophen: 666 Cold Preparation Acephen Acetadrink Acetadryl Actamin Actifed Cold & Sinus Actifed Plus Acuflex Adprin B Alagesic Ali Flex Alka-Seltzer Cold and Sinus Alka-Seltzer Plus Cold Alka-Seltzer Plus Cold Liquigel Alka-Seltzer Plus Cold and Sinus Alka-Seltzer Plus Cough and Cold Liquigel Alka-Seltzer Plus Cough and Cold Liquigel Reformulated Aug 2011 Alka-Seltzer Plus Day Severe Cold, Cough And Flu Alka-Seltzer Plus Flu Liquigels Alka-Seltzer Plus Flu Reformulated Jan 2011 Alka-Seltzer Plus Night Cold and Flu Alka-Seltzer Plus Night Severe Cold, Cough and Flu Alka-Seltzer Plus Night Time Cold Liquigel Alka-Seltzer Plus Night Time Reformulated Dec 2006 Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Allergy Alka-Seltzer Plus Severe Sinus Congestion and Cough Allerest Headache Strength Allerest No Drowsiness Allerest Sinus Alpain Anabar Anacin AF Anacin Advanced Headache Formula Anacin PM Aspirin Free Anexsia Anolor Apra Arthriten Inflammatory Pain BF-Paradac BP Poly-650 Backaid Backaid IPF Backprin Bactimicina Baczol Cold Medicine Balacet Bayer Migraine Bayer Select Decongestant Benadryl Allergy Cold Benadryl Allergy Cold Reformulated Jun 2007 Benadryl Severe Allergy Sinus Headache Reformulated Jun 2007 Bromo Seltzer Bupap By Ache Cafgesic Capacet Capital and Codeine Cephadyn Cetafen Children’s Mucinex Multi-Symptom Cold and Fever Childrens Tylenol Cold Plus Cough Childrens Tylenol Plus Cold & Allergy Co-Gesic Cocet Codrix Comtrex Allergy Sinus Comtrex Cold and Cough Nighttime Comtrex Cold and Cough Non Drowsy Comtrex Cold and Flu Maximum Strength Liquid Comtrex Cold and Flu Maximum Strength Reformulated Aug 2006 Comtrex Deep Chest Cold Non Drowsy Comtrex Nighttime Acute Head Cold Comtrex Non-Drowsy Comtrex Sore Throat Relief Contac Cold and Flu Cooling Night Contac Cold and Flu Maximum Strength Contac Cold and Flu Non Drowsy Maximum Strength Contac Severe Cold and Flu Non Drowsy Contragesic Coricidin Coricidin D Cold Coricidin HBP Flu Maximum Strength Coricidin HBP Nighttime Multi-Symptom Cold Reformulated Feb 2013 Coricidin Night Time Cold Relief Cotabflu CounterAct Pain Counteract Day Counteract Night Counteract PM Darvocet DayQuil Sinex Dayquil Dayquil Cold & Flu Dayquil Liquicaps Reformulated Apr 2009 Dayquil Sinus Delsym Adult Night Time Multi-Symptom Delsym Children’s Nighttime Cough and Cold Reformulated Apr 2013 Delsym Cough Plus Cold Daytime Delsym Cough Plus Cold Night Time Delsym Night Time Cough and Cold Diabetic Tussin Night Time Formula Dilotab Dimetapp Nighttime Flu Dimetapp Nighttime Flu Reformulated Sep 2007 Dolacet Dolgic LQ Dolgic Plus Dologen Dologesic Dolorex Forte Dristan Cold Dristan Cold Multi Symptom Drixoral Sinus Durabac Durabac Forte Duraflu Duraxin EZ III Ed Flex Elixsure Fever/Pain Emagrin Forte Endocet Ephed Plus Cold Flu and Sinus Epidrin Esgic Exaprin Excedrin Excedrin Aspirin Free Excedrin Back & Body Excedrin PM Excedrin Quick Tab Excedrin Sinus Excedrin Sinus Headache Excedrin Tension Headache Feverall Fioricet Fioricet with Codeine Flextra Flextra Plus Frenadol Genapap Geone Goody’s Body Pain Goody’s Extra Strength Goody’s Headache Relief Shot Goody’s Migraine Relief Goody’s PM Histenol Hy-Phen Hycet Infantaire Kolephrin Kolephrin DM Lagesic Legatrin PM Levacet Liquicet Little Colds Little Fevers Lorcet Lortab Lusonex Plus Lynox Magnacet Mapap Mapap Cold Formula Mapap PM Mapap Sinus Congestion and Pain Margesic Margesic-H Marten-Tab Maxidone Maxiflu CD Maxiflu DM Medigesic Mejoralito Midol Maximum Strength Menstrual Midol PM Midol PM Reformulated Apr 2011 Midol PMS Maximum Strength Midol Teen Midrin Mucinex Children’s Night Time Multi-Symptom Cold Mucinex Fast-Max Cold and Sinus Mucinex Fast-Max Cold, Flu and Sore Throat Mucinex Fast-Max Night Time Cold and Flu Mucinex Fast-Max Severe Cold Mucinex Sinus-Max Day Mucinex Sinus-Max Night Mygrex Nature Fusion Cold & Flu Nonbac Norco Norel AD Norel SR Nortemp Novagesic NyQuil D NyQuil Sinex Nyquil Alcohol Free Nyquil Cold & Flu Nyquil Multi-Symptom Ofirmev Onetab Cold and Flu Onset Forte Orbivan Orbivan CF Ornex Painaid Painaid BRF Painaid ESF Pamprin Cramp Formula Pamprin Max Formula Pamprin Multi-Symptom Panadol Panadol Cold & Flu Non Drowsy Panadol PM Pancold S Panlor DC Reformulated Jan 2008 Panlor SS PediaCare Children’s Plus Cough and Sore Throat Pediacare Children’s Fever Reducer Pain Reliever Pediacare Children’s Plus Cough and Runny Nose Pediacare Infant Fever Reducer Percocet Percogesic Reformulated Jan 2011 Pharbetol Phenflu CD Phenflu DM Phrenilin Phrenilin with Caffeine and Codeine Poly-Vent Plus Premsyn PMS Primalev Prodrin Promacet Protid Pyrroxate Cold & Congestion Redutemp Relagesic Repan Respa C&C Rhinoflex Rhinogesic Rid-A-Pain Ringl Robitussin Cold Cough and Flu Robitussin Honey Flu Nighttime Robitussin Honey Flu Non-Drowsy Robitussin Night Cold Robitussin Night Relief Robitussin Peak Cold Daytime Cold Plus Flu Robitussin Peak Cold Nasal Robitussin Peak Cold Nighttime Cold Plus Flu Robitussin Peak Cold Nighttime Multi-Symptom Cold Robitussin Peak Cold Nighttime Nasal Relief Roxicet Rx-Act Cold Head Congestion Rx-Act Flu & Severe Cold & Cough Rx-Act Flu & Sore Throat Rx-Act Headache Formula Rx-Act Nighttime Rx-Act Pain Relief Rx-Act Pain Relief PM Rx-Act Sinus Congestion & Pain Saleto SanaTos Night Sanatos Day Scot-Tussin Multisymptom Cold and Allergy Sedalmex Sedapap Silapap Sinarest Sinarest Sinus Sine-Off Cold and Cough Sine-Off Maximum Strength Sine-Off Maximum Strength Reformulated Sep 2008 Sine-Off Sinus and Cold Singlet Sinutab Ex-Strength Sinutab Sinus St. Joseph Aspirin-Free Stagesic Stona Sudafed PE Cold & Cough Sudafed PE Nighttime Cold Sudafed PE Pressure Plus Pain Plus Cough Sudafed PE Pressure Plus Pain Plus Mucus Sudafed PE Severe Cold Sudafed PE Sinus Headache Sudafed PE Triple Action Sudafed Triple Action Supac Syncol T-Painol T-Painol Extra Strength Tactinal Talacen Tavist Allergy/Sinus/Headache Tavist Sinus Tempra Tempra 2 Tempra Quicklets Tencon Theraflu Cold & Sore Throat Theraflu Cold & Sore Throat Reformulated Sep 2008 Theraflu Daytime Severe Cold Theraflu Daytime Severe Cold & Cough Theraflu Flu & Chest Congestion Theraflu Flu & Sore Throat Theraflu Flu & Sore Throat Reformulated Sep 2008 Theraflu Flu and Cold Medicine Powder Theraflu Max-D Theraflu Nighttime Maximum Strength Theraflu Nighttime Severe Cold Theraflu Nighttime Severe Cold & Cough Theraflu Nighttime Severe Cold Capsule Theraflu Severe Cold & Congestion Non-Drowsy Theraflu Severe Cold Nighttime Theraflu Sore Throat Maximum Strength Theraflu Warming Cold & Chest Congestion Theraflu Warming Relief Theraflu, Flu, Cold, and Cough Trezix Trezix Reformulated Oct 2011 Triaminic Cold and Fever Triaminic Cough & Sore Throat Triaminic Cough & Sore Throat Reformulated Jul 2007 Triaminic Fever & Pain Triaminic Infant Drops Reformulated Nov 2010 Triaminic Multi-Symptom Fever Triaminic Softchews Allergy Sinus Triaminic Softchews Cough & Sore Throat Triaminic Softchews Cough & Sore Throat Reformulated Jul 2007 Triaminic Sore Throat Formula Triaminicin Tycolene Tylenol Tylenol Allergy Multi-Symptom Tylenol Allergy Multi-Symptom Nighttime Tylenol Allergy Sinus Tylenol Chest Congestion Tylenol Children’s Multi-Symptom Cold Plus Tylenol Children’s Plus Cold Tylenol Children’s Plus Cold & Cough Tylenol Children’s Plus Cold Reformulated Mar 2013 Tylenol Childrens Plus Cough & Runny Nose Tylenol Childrens Plus Cough & Sore Throat Tylenol Cold Tylenol Cold & Flu Severe Day Time Tylenol Cold Complete Formula Tylenol Cold Head Congestion Severe Tylenol Cold Multi-Symptom Daytime Tylenol Cold Multi-Symptom Nighttime Tylenol Cold Multi-Symptom Nighttime Liquid Tylenol Cold Multi-Symptom Severe Daytime Tylenol Cold Relief Nighttime Tylenol Cold Severe Congestion Non-Drowsy Tylenol Cough & Sore Throat Night Time Tylenol Cough and Sore Throat Daytime Tylenol Flu Maximum Strength Nighttime Tylenol PM Tylenol Severe Allergy Tylenol Sinus Tylenol Sinus Congestion and Pain Daytime Tylenol Sinus Congestion and Pain Severe Tylenol Sinus NightTime Tylenol Sinus Severe Congestion Tylenol with Codeine Tylox Ultracet Un-Aspirin Uniserts Unisom with Pain Relief Valorin Extra Vanquish Vicks 44 Cold, Flu and Cough Vicks Formula 44 Custom Care Cough & Cold PM Vicks Formula 44M Vicks Nature Fusion Cold and Flu Night Vicodin Vistra Vitapap Vopac Wal-Dryl Severe Allergy & Sinus Wal-Flu Cold and Sore Throat Wal-Flu Daytime Severe Cold and Cough Wal-Flu Flu and Sore Throat Wal-Flu Severe Cold Wal-Flu Severe Cold and Cough Wal-Phed Cold & Cough Wal-Phed PE Severe Cold Womens Tylenol Menstrual Relief XL-DOL Xodol Xolox Yinchiao Fast Relief Flu Zamicet Zebutal Zflex Zgesic Zicam Flu Nighttime Zicam Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu Daytime Zicam Multi-Symptom Cold and Flu Nighttime Zolvit Zydone
[1] Sood GK et al. Acute Liver Failure Medscape eMedicine Reference, August 20, 2012.
[2] George Ostapowicz, Robert J. Fontana, Frank V. Schiødt, Anne Larson, Timothy J. Davern, Steven H.B. Han, Timothy M. McCashland, A. Obaid Shakil, J. Eileen Hay, Linda Hynan, Jeffrey S. Crippin, Andres T. Blei, Grace Samuel, Joan Reisch, William M. Lee, the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group; Results of a Prospective Study of Acute Liver Failure at 17 Tertiary Care Centers in the United States. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2002 Dec;137(12):947-954.
